abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the rate of moderate to severe exacerbations between triple therapy and dual therapy or monotherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, and clini...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Zheng Y,Zhu J,Liu Y,Lai W,Lin C,Qiu K,Wu J,Yao W

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between contemporary combined hormonal contraceptives (including progestogen types in combined preparations and all progestogen-only products) and overall and specific types of ovarian cancer. DESIGN:Prospective, nationwide cohort study. SETTING:Denmark, 1995-2014. PARTICIPA...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Iversen L,Fielding S,Lidegaard Ø,Mørch LS,Skovlund CW,Hannaford PC

更新日期：2018-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of high dose folic acid supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia in women with at least one risk factor: pre-existing hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2), twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or body mass index ≥35. DESIGN:Randomised, phase III...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wen SW,White RR,Rybak N,Gaudet LM,Robson S,Hague W,Simms-Stewart D,Carroli G,Smith G,Fraser WD,Wells G,Davidge ST,Kingdom J,Coyle D,Fergusson D,Corsi DJ,Champagne J,Sabri E,Ramsay T,Mol BWJ,Oudijk MA,Walker MC,

更新日期：2018-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors versus conventional drugs in patients with cancer that were PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Shen X,Zhao B

更新日期：2018-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify the genetic determinants of fracture risk and assess the role of 15 clinical risk factors on osteoporotic fracture risk. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) and a two-sample mendelian randomisation approach. SETTING:25 cohorts from Europe, United States, east Asia, an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Trajanoska K,Morris JA,Oei L,Zheng HF,Evans DM,Kiel DP,Ohlsson C,Richards JB,Rivadeneira F,GEFOS\/GENOMOS consortium and the 23andMe research team.

更新日期：2018-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) by comparing it with diagnostic arthroscopy, a placebo surgical intervention, and with a non-operative alternative, exercise therapy, in a more pragmatic setting. DESIGN:Multicentre, three group, randomised, double blind, sham controlled ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Paavola M,Malmivaara A,Taimela S,Kanto K,Inkinen J,Kalske J,Sinisaari I,Savolainen V,Ranstam J,Järvinen TLN,Finnish Subacromial Impingement Arthroscopy Controlled Trial (FIMPACT) Investigators.

更新日期：2018-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of tai chi interventions compared with aerobic exercise, a current core standard treatment in patients with fibromyalgia, and to test whether the effectiveness of tai chi depends on its dosage or duration. DESIGN:Prospective, randomized, 52 week, single blind comparative effec...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wang C,Schmid CH,Fielding RA,Harvey WF,Reid KF,Price LL,Driban JB,Kalish R,Rones R,McAlindon T

更新日期：2018-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine how the relaxation of the one child policy and policies to reduce caesarean section rates might have affected trends over time in caesarean section rates and perinatal and pregnancy related mortality in China. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:China's National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance Sy...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Liang J,Mu Y,Li X,Tang W,Wang Y,Liu Z,Huang X,Scherpbier RW,Guo S,Li M,Dai L,Deng K,Deng C,Li Q,Kang L,Zhu J,Ronsmans C

更新日期：2018-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if trimethoprim use for urinary tract infection (UTI) is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury, hyperkalaemia, or sudden death in the general population. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:UK electronic primary care records from practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Resea...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Crellin E,Mansfield KE,Leyrat C,Nitsch D,Douglas IJ,Root A,Williamson E,Smeeth L,Tomlinson LA

更新日期：2018-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To analyse stage specific incidence of breast cancer in the Netherlands where women have been invited to biennial mammography screening since 1989 (ages 50-69) and 1997 (ages 70-75), and to assess changes in breast cancer mortality and quantified overdiagnosis.Design Population based study.Setting Mammograph...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Autier P,Boniol M,Koechlin A,Pizot C,Boniol M

更新日期：2017-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To estimate the incidence and prevalence of resistant hypertension among a UK population treated for hypertension from 1995 to 2015.Design Cohort study.Setting Electronic health records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink in primary care.Participants 1 317 290 users of antihypertensive drugs with...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sinnott SJ,Smeeth L,Williamson E,Douglas IJ

更新日期：2017-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease.Design Mendelian randomisation study, using genetic data as proxies for education to minimise confounding.Setting The main analysis used genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tillmann T,Vaucher J,Okbay A,Pikhart H,Peasey A,Kubinova R,Pajak A,Tamosiunas A,Malyutina S,Hartwig FP,Fischer K,Veronesi G,Palmer T,Bowden J,Davey Smith G,Bobak M,Holmes MV

更新日期：2017-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Objectives To estimate small for gestational age birth prevalence and attributable neonatal mortality in low and middle income countries with the INTERGROWTH-21st birth weight standard.Design Secondary analysis of data from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG), including 14 birth cohorts with gestatio...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lee AC,Kozuki N,Cousens S,Stevens GA,Blencowe H,Silveira MF,Sania A,Rosen HE,Schmiegelow C,Adair LS,Baqui AH,Barros FC,Bhutta ZA,Caulfield LE,Christian P,Clarke SE,Fawzi W,Gonzalez R,Humphrey J,Huybregts L,Kariuki

更新日期：2017-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To characterize the prospective controlled clinical studies for all novel drugs that were initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration on the basis of limited evidence.Design Systematic review.Data sources Drugs@FDA database and PubMed.Study inclusion All prospective controlled clinical studies pub...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pease AM,Krumholz HM,Downing NS,Aminawung JA,Shah ND,Ross JS

更新日期：2017-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To improve the selection of patients with acute ischaemic stroke for intra-arterial treatment using a clinical decision tool to predict individual treatment benefit.Design Multivariable regression modelling with data from two randomised controlled clinical trials.Setting 16 hospitals in the Netherlands (deri...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Venema E,Mulder MJHL,Roozenbeek B,Broderick JP,Yeatts SD,Khatri P,Berkhemer OA,Emmer BJ,Roos YBWEM,Majoie CBLM,van Oostenbrugge RJ,van Zwam WH,van der Lugt A,Steyerberg EW,Dippel DWJ,Lingsma HF

更新日期：2017-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Objectives To estimate the short term effect of particulate air pollution (particle diameter <10 μm, or PM10) on mortality and explore the heterogeneity of particulate air pollution effects in major cities in China.Design Generalised linear models with different lag structures using time series data.Setting 38 of the ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Yin P,He G,Fan M,Chiu KY,Fan M,Liu C,Xue A,Liu T,Pan Y,Mu Q,Zhou M

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To determine the efficacy of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for healing of fracture or osteotomy.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries up to November 2016.Study selection Randomized contro...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schandelmaier S,Kaushal A,Lytvyn L,Heels-Ansdell D,Siemieniuk RA,Agoritsas T,Guyatt GH,Vandvik PO,Couban R,Mollon B,Busse JW

更新日期：2017-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To examine off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care and determine the level of scientific support for off-label prescribing.Design Descriptive study of antidepressant prescriptions written by primary care physicians using an indication based electronic prescribing system.Setting Primary care...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wong J,Motulsky A,Abrahamowicz M,Eguale T,Buckeridge DL,Tamblyn R

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To determine the attributable risk of community acquired pneumonia on incidence of heart failure throughout the age range of affected patients and severity of the infection.Design Cohort study.Setting Six hospitals and seven emergency departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2000-02.Participants 4988 adults...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Eurich DT,Marrie TJ,Minhas-Sandhu JK,Majumdar SR

更新日期：2017-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To estimate the cumulative radiation exposure and lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence associated with lung cancer screening using annual low dose computed tomography (CT).Design Secondary analysis of data from a lung cancer screening trial and risk-benefit analysis.Setting 10 year, non-randomised,...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Rampinelli C,De Marco P,Origgi D,Maisonneuve P,Casiraghi M,Veronesi G,Spaggiari L,Bellomi M

更新日期：2017-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the performance and externally validate the three most studied prediction tools for osteoporotic fractures-QFracture, FRAX, and Garvan-using data from electronic health records. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Payer provider healthcare organisation in Israel. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dagan N,Cohen-Stavi C,Leventer-Roberts M,Balicer RD

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer by patient sex and age. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of randomised trials (the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO), the Italian Screening for Colon and Rectum trial (SCORE), and the Norwe...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Holme Ø,Schoen RE,Senore C,Segnan N,Hoff G,Løberg M,Bretthauer M,Adami HO,Kalager M

更新日期：2017-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, and accidents. It is based on 38 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews and articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which shift work may cause accidents and adver...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kecklund G,Axelsson J

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterise non-specific immunological effects after routine childhood vaccines against BCG, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. DATA SOURCES: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, and...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kandasamy R,Voysey M,McQuaid F,de Nie K,Ryan R,Orr O,Uhlig U,Sande C,O'Connor D,Pollard AJ

更新日期：2016-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids given at ≥34 weeks' gestation. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched from their inception to February 2016. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials comparing ant...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Saccone G,Berghella V

更新日期：2016-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES: To provide contemporary estimates of the prevalence of microcephaly in Europe, determine if the diagnosis of microcephaly is consistent across Europe, and evaluate whether changes in prevalence would be detected using the current European surveillance performed by EUROCAT (the European Surveillance of Conge...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Morris JK,Rankin J,Garne E,Loane M,Greenlees R,Addor MC,Arriola L,Barisic I,Bergman JE,Csaky-Szunyogh M,Dias C,Draper ES,Gatt M,Khoshnood B,Klungsoyr K,Kurinczuk JJ,Lynch C,McDonnell R,Nelen V,Neville AJ,O'Mahony

更新日期：2016-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical examination of the cardiovascular system is central to contemporary teaching and practice in clinical medicine. Evidence about its value focuses on its diagnostic accuracy and varies widely in methodological quality and statistical power. This makes collation, analysis, and understanding of results difficult ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Elder A,Japp A,Verghese A

更新日期：2016-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between a surgeon's degree of specialization in a specific procedure and patient mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of Medicare data. SETTING: US patients aged 66 or older enrolled in traditional fee for service Medicare. PARTICIPANTS: 25 152 US surgeons who performed one...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sahni NR,Dalton M,Cutler DM,Birkmeyer JD,Chandra A

更新日期：2016-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic insomnia is a common condition that affects people worldwide and has negative effects on patients' health and wellbeing. The treatment of insomnia can be complex and time consuming for patients and providers. Although behavioral interventions are the first line therapy, there are barriers to access for these t...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kay-Stacey M,Attarian H

更新日期：2016-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the treatment effect of apixaban versus warfarin differs with increasing numbers of concomitant drugs used by patients with atrial fibrillation. DESIGN: Post hoc analysis performed in 2015 of results from ARISTOTLE (apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jaspers Focks J,Brouwer MA,Wojdyla DM,Thomas L,Lopes RD,Washam JB,Lanas F,Xavier D,Husted S,Wallentin L,Alexander JH,Granger CB,Verheugt FW

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES: To estimate differences in annual income of physicians in the United States by race and sex adjusted for characteristics of physicians and practices. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey study. SETTING: Nationally representative samples of US physicians. PARTICIPANTS: The 2000-13 American Community Survey (ACS...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ly DP,Seabury SA,Jena AB

更新日期：2016-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES: To determine whether late mortality after sepsis is driven predominantly by pre-existing comorbid disease or is the result of sepsis itself. DEIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: US Health and Retirement Study. PARTICIPANTS: 960 patients aged ≥65 (1998-2010) with fee-for-service Medicare coverage w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Prescott HC,Osterholzer JJ,Langa KM,Angus DC,Iwashyna TJ

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial infarction associated with combined oral contraceptives according to dose of oestrogen (ethinylestradiol) and progestogen. DESIGN:Observational cohort study. SETTING:Data from the French national health insurance database linked with...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Weill A,Dalichampt M,Raguideau F,Ricordeau P,Blotière PO,Rudant J,Alla F,Zureik M

更新日期：2016-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess body shape trajectories in early and middle life in relation to risk of mortality. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. POPULATION:80 266 women and 36 622 men who recalled their body shape at ages 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 years and p...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Song M,Hu FB,Wu K,Must A,Chan AT,Willett WC,Giovannucci EL

更新日期：2016-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of all cause mortality, and to clarify the shape and the nadir of the dose-response curve, and the influence on the results of confounding from smoking, weight loss associated with disease, and preclinical...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Aune D,Sen A,Prasad M,Norat T,Janszky I,Tonstad S,Romundstad P,Vatten LJ

更新日期：2016-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe temporal trends in the time interval between first and second attempts at defibrillation and the association between this time interval and outcomes in patients with persistent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) arrest in hospital. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study SETTI...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bradley SM,Liu W,Chan PS,Nallamothu BK,Grunwald GK,Self A,Sasson C,Varosy PD,Anderson ML,Schneider PM,Ho PM,American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators.

更新日期：2016-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare patient outcomes of restrictive versus liberal blood transfusion strategies in patients with cardiovascular disease not undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Randomised controlled trials involving a threshold for red blood cell transfusion in hospita...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Docherty AB,O'Donnell R,Brunskill S,Trivella M,Doree C,Holst L,Parker M,Gregersen M,Pinheiro de Almeida J,Walsh TS,Stanworth SJ

更新日期：2016-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. DESIGN:Observational study. STUDY SAMPLE:All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Med...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Filardo G,da Graca B,Sass DM,Pollock BD,Smith EB,Martinez MA

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wallis CJ,Mahar AL,Choo R,Herschorn S,Kodama RT,Shah PS,Danjoux C,Narod SA,Nam RK

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether using intensive blood pressure targets leads to lower blood pressure in a community population of people with prevalent cerebrovascular disease. DESIGN:Open label randomised controlled trial. SETTING:99 general practices in England, with participants recruited in 2009-11. PARTICIPANTS:Peo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Mant J,McManus RJ,Roalfe A,Fletcher K,Taylor CJ,Martin U,Virdee S,Greenfield S,Hobbs FD

更新日期：2016-02-24 00:00:00